Patents provide competitive advantage for Kodak Essay

Patents provide competitive advantage for Kodak - Essay ExampleTherefore, these companies are given a disaster to create a form of temporary monopoly on their products, and through this way, they are fit to make profits. In addition, they are able to encourage innovators in the follow to develop more products.Once a corporation run afouls Kodaks patents is liable to be charged in a court of law, and through this way Kodak net receive settlement money. For example, there were cases where Kodak had sued Samsung and LG, and they compensated them $550 and $400 million respectively. Moreover, the comp whatever acquires negotiated licensing deals concerning the patents. On the other hand, the participation able to reduce chances of other companies infringing their patents and this merchant ship facilitate full utilization of their patents. In fact, due to the postgraduate amounts of money charged in courts for settlement, this can be a source of discouragement for other companies to contradict the Kodaks patents. Therefore, the company operates in a market without competition that can affect their pricing strategy, which can lead to low income. In fact, a company like Kodak is willing to go to the extent of suing companies that infringe the patents in secernate to protect the favorable business environment provided by these patents.After the patent has expired, any company is given the freedom to copy the technology thus, Kodak maximizes their profit out of the patents before they expire. However, in order to achieve this, ensures that the patent is generating substantial money as a source of intellectual property income. Therefore, Kodak is able generate a lot of income from the intellectual property by establishing a large catalogue and ensuring that their shares do not fall. Moreover, increasing the catalogue and using substantial marketing strategies they are able to make advanced volumes of sales that can generate high profit margins. The patents off er a form of temporary monopoly for the company thus,

Gross Ecosystem Production literature Review Essay

Gross Ecosystem Production literature Review - Essay caseHow these components are timed and their amplitude determines the whole seasonal pattern of the carbon flux. The amount of organic topic involved in these processes varies from one ecosystem to an other(a) (Caffrey, 2003). The balance between the respiration and assimilation processes may be subjectively affected by changes in the local climate (Houghton et al., 1996). This means that changes in the systematic space of growth season are indicative of an extension in the time favoring carbon assimilation. On the other hand, the impact of climate on the process of respiration is very complicated. For instance, soil respiration is strongly think with soil temperature in most ecosystems. However, in other ecosystems, activity of the microbes depends on the soil moisture.The carbon compute of an ecosystem has been circulard by a number of parameters. Some of the commonly used measurements include Net primitive Production, Net Ecosystem Exchange, Net Ecosystem Production, Gross Primary Production and Net Ecosystem Metabolism among others (Kirschbaum, Eamus, Gifford, Roxburgh, & Sands, 2001 Lovett, Cole, & Pace, 2006 Mizoguchiet al., 2012). Gross ecosystem production refers to the measure of carbon accumulated in an ecosystem. The process responsible for the accumulation of carbon is photosynthesis (Kirschbaum et al., 2001).A number of ecosystems stupefy been studied. The ecosystems include arid and semi-arid ecosystems (Smart, Stark, & Diego, 1999), wetlands (Stellner, Czerny, Dus, & Kve, 2012), sagebrush-steppe, shrubs, and rainforests (Barkmann et al., 2007). Other ecosystems studied are grassland, coastal lagoons (Camacho-Ibar, Carriquiry, & Smith, 2003), artificial reservoirs (Piet & Vijverberg, 1998) and ponds (Rubbo, Cole, &Kiesecker, 2006). However, the most vulnerable ecosystem is the Arctic. It is passing susceptible to climate change, and the effects of global warming. It is showed that these seasonal and climatic changes

EBay Case Study Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

EBay slick Study - Term Paper ExampleThere argon number of ways through eBay creates value. state of the art systems and tools have been developed by the company. Such tools and systems have increased the productivity of the network members. Further more more number of members is encouraged to join the network. Such tools include the Turbo Lister service and Sellers Assistant. The premier(prenominal) one is capable of tracking and managing thousands of mass listings on the home computers, whereas the second one helps new sellers as well as makes professional-looking online listings. EBay has also set up and maintained performance standards which augment the steadiness of the system. Buyers and sellers are allowed to rate each other. Such ranking system bolsters users confidence level Sellers having good reputation among the buyers, wee the Power Seller status and those having bad reputation are excluded from any kind of future proceeding (Iansiti & Levien, Creating Value in Your B usiness Ecosystem). Moreover, value created by eBay is shared with the members of the ecosystem. A moderate fee is supercharged from the users for allowing them to coordinate their various trading activities. Incentives in the form of special status (Power Seller) enhance the standards of the sellers and this benefits the entire ecosystem. c) What is the microbe of eBays competitive advantage?The major source of eBays competitive advantage is its social capital. sociable capital is referred to the trust, goodwill and credibility.

Recommendations to the Cyber Czar Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Recommendations to the Cyber Czar - fitting ExampleCountries work with special strategies to facilitate earnings protective cover. This is aimed at protecting a national ground from cyber space malicious attacks. Implementing the security system is a joint comparison of Homeland Security and the depicted object Strategy. The policies are set to engage the global population to engage in implementing security levels in the cyberspace. This comes as an initiative of every country to implement security details in the cyberspace they own, operate and control. Securing the cyberspace involves difficult strategic challenges which require focus and coordination from the entire society. This comes as a combined force from the topical anaesthetic and state governments and the private sector (Arias, 2010). Objectives set to meet the recommendations The strategy to furbish up the cyberspace comes with a combination of prioritizing and organizing efforts. This offers departmental heads i n government with directions in curbing malicious attacks on the cyberspace. The strategy aims at identifying the topical anesthetic and state governments, private organization and individuals who can take place in improving cyber security. The highlight of the strategy is in the merging of private and public engagement. Improving cyber security comes with everyone working as one to secure the cyberspace. ... Consistence within the National Strategy by the Homeland Security works with set objectives to crack that the set strategy in securing cybercrime works with the set recommendations (Briggs & Burke, 2009). The main objectives are to 1. Provide the citizens with security from cyber-attacks on critical infrastructures 2. Reduce the possibility of individuals to get cyber attacks 3. Implement a damage control and recovery visualise from the cyber attacks The threat and vulnerability portrayed by the cyberspace The economy and the security system depend on information technology. Major applications that run at the core depend on the internet. The internet was originally create to facilitate research among scientists. Abusing the internet network was not part of the plan. Today the internet connects people by means of computer networks exposing ISPs, Software Manufacturers, End Users and Operating System producers to malicious attacks. Computer networks connect different objects such(prenominal) as stock markets, electrical transformers and trains. A malicious attack that compromises the functioning of such objects puts the end user at a disadvantage. Cyber Czar can spread a spectrum of malicious attacks against critical information. The main link is organized attacks that cause disruption of the National critical infrastructure, national security and the economy. Attackers require sophistication to make out such attacks but this does not mean that countries can relax on setting security measures. Nations face situations where hackers have identified lo opholes where they can maximize on in doing their fraudulent activities (Purdy, 2011). Proper outline of the cyber threats needs a long term analysis of the

International Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

International Finance - Essay ExampleThe performance cycle will remain running smoothly without experiencing any interruptions. The trend of futuristic deals is to a greater extent commonplace and traditional in the market that works to sell and purchase financial instruments.The future contracts be more formal in genius and it is often considered unacceptable, if a party wishs to break the contract or precisely opt not to perform its contractual duties. The disadvantaged party reserves the right to take the offspring into a court of law in response to the breach of a future contract (Moosa & Bhatti, 2009). The shares and bonds are purchased with the help of future contracts because it allows the purchaser to hedge against the possibility of higher price of the same instrument at a future date. The seller on the other hand tends to manage the risk of falling prices in the future by securing a deal in the present on a reasonable go through rather than waiting for the actual ma rket situation to emerge in the future (Pilbeam, 2010).Another arouse fact should be kept in mind that senior and experienced investors and businessmen do not enter into future contracts due to their formal nature but they tend to use options instead. The options are successful because of their informal nature and they can also be broken by paying modest reciprocally settled fees. In the case of future contracts, the ramifications of nonperformance are more severe in nature due to strict legality of the contract. Additionally, future contracts are entered by those investors and businessmen who do not want to take the pressure of facing market risks at a specific period of time and therefore, construe and plan to safeguard their interests beforehand (Baillie & McMahon, 1989). The investors of abovementioned mindset safeguard their stance against rising prices but they also raven potential benefit that they may reap if the price of the instrument drops in

Professional Development Plan (PDP) & Review - Developing new skills Assignment

nonrecreational Development broadcast (PDP) & Review - Developing new skills and behaviours - Assignment ExampleSince the cycle of bob upment is a continuous process, it is solo via reviewing the visualize effectively in position to formulate appropriate plans for the future steps. Furthermore, the effective review of the plan can also identify the effectiveness of ones plan, and that their direction is aligned to their future ambitions. Objectives/Goals Students, exactly as professionals, require a professional development plan to monitor their academic progress. This tool enables the bookman to devise a plan which to follow in ensuring their success and development into a sort- aft(prenominal) employee (Barrett, 2008). A students learning environment is central to their success and as such they must be provided with suitable physical and mental environment from which to grow their academic ambitions. The recent past has seen huge developments in technology that has seen so me technologies like the iPad rise into prominence. As a result, Barrett (2008) believes that it is vital to keep up to date with such technological advancements in order to keep by the CPD standards as well as improve the person-to-person performance of the student, team performances as well as inflict organisational or institutional excellence. In order to achieve this, it is essential to set SMARTe goals. The set goals should be strategic and specific with respect to the students needs, they can be measured, they are attainable, they should be results oriented or relevant, they can be achieved within a specific period of time and they must also accommodate everyone. The major objectives include i. To ensure that the students use up a supportive, safe, and equitable environment for learning their activities. ii. To explore as well as implement diametric instructional strategies in order to increase the achievement of the students. iii. To increase the achievement of the student s via the use of technological applications in the classroom as well as in the instruction and management of data in the institution. Professional Development Plan A professional development plan (PDP) is a tool that enables students to identify their brisk skills as well as help them develop new plans for the further development of other skills in desired and or relevant fields. Employers all over the globe are placing greater emphasis on skills and their advancement or development. As a result, it vital that students be able to lay bare that the skills they be possessed of have been acquired and developed actively over a relatively long time. The development of such skills enables students to develop into productive professionals as well as placing them into better positions to compete for the ever reducing opportunities for employment after successful completion of their academic courses. Day and Sachs (2004) define CPD as a term used to key out all the activities in which pro fessionals engage during the course of a career, which are designed to enhance their work (p. 3). build Review Among the underpinning stones of long-term learning is the ability to self-importance evaluate as well as modify personal skills and knowledge. Critical skills for students development are the abilities to learn via experience and become progressively more self critical and self aware (Luzinski, 2011). This can be determined via evaluation and reflection

Holistic Care in Relation to Adult Nursing and Child Nursing Essay

holistic Care in congenator to Adult Nursing and Child Nursing - Essay ExampleThis study will focus on discussing the significance of holistic rush in relation to adult nurse and child nursing. As parting of discussing the significance of holistic care in adult and child nursing, some real-life clinical examples will be provided when practicing spirituality in holistic care for adult and child patients. Eventu tout ensembley, several reasons will be provided as to why nurses should exert an effort to incorporate spirituality when giving holistic care to the patients. Significance of Holistic Care in Relation to Adult Nursing and Child Nursing Holistic care is all about being able to deliver caring service that will uplift not unless the physical health of the patients but also their mental, social, psychological, emotional, and spiritual well-being (Broker and Nicol, 2003, p. 4). There are quite a lot of similarities and differences with regards to the provision of holistic care to adult and child patients. Similar to child nursing, the adult nursing aims to promote a healthy lifestyle and prevent diseases. Before planning, delivering, and evaluating the quality of health care services abandoned to each patient, holistic care in adult nursing and child nursing aims to identify the proper(postnominal) healthcare needs of the patients (Broker and Nicol, 2003, p. 4). ... that the family members are experiencing when victorious care of an adult patient who has insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, the family members are more evince out when caring for children who are suffering from chronic disease (Hobson and Noyes, 2011). Since the parents of the child has other important duty to do during day time, it is expected that the childs parents will be experiencing excessive stress when taking care of a sick child. Therefore, healthcare professional should incorporate the practice of spirituality when providing holistic care to a child patient. Healthcare profe ssionals should consider all possible interventions that can effectively improve much(prenominal) resilience. For instance, when dealing with young patients, healthcare professionals should develop a balanced coping strategy that will furnish the parents of a sick child to maintain a good physical and mental health and fiddle the medical and emotional needs of the child (Major, 2003). By doing so, the nurses will be able to sham the family members comfortably cope with the childs chronic illness. Examining how the patients family function will also make it easier on the part of the nurse(s) to gain better idea on how they can effectively manage or lessen the physical and emotional stress that the parents and the childs siblings may be experiencing in time of dealing with the patients chronic disease. Upon developing a list of effective nursing intervention, healthcare professionals could more or less be able to lessen and minimize the chances wherein the family members would e xperience negative emotions much(prenominal) as anger and depression. Another good way of providing spirituality in holistic care is for the healthcare professionals to be able to identify the risk factors that may trigger

OrganizationaL Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

OrganizationaL Management - designation ExampleThe equity theory further asserts that employees behave according to their perception. What the employer think is of no importance to an employee. The employer should ensure that any unpleasant outcomes of equity comparison are avoided when rewards are billed. Informed employers expect perceived ostracize inequities particularly when visible rewards such as promotions or bonuses are apportioned (Gayne & Deci, 2005). To manage equity concerns, the employers cautiously communicate the planned value of rewards being given and spell out the performance appraisals used in determining the aloneocation of rewards. In Perfect pizzeria, the employer who happens to be the operation manager applied the equity theory. each(prenominal) the employees are entitled to the same amount of reward. The managers act of working beside the employees served to show that all employees are equal and can work in any department because it enhances learning.The expectancy theory asserts that an employee is motivated to put more effort when he or she deems the efforts will result in a veracious performance review. The review will result in a reward that will fulfill the devise objectives. An employee is highly motivated if the level of expectancy is high and the reward is appealing. Therefore, employers who seek to motivate the employees should fortify employees perception of their efforts as both feasible and valuable and make sure the rewards are attractive (Gayne & Deci, 2005). The in operation(p) manager of Perfect Pizzeria provides bonuses to the night managers on condition that the percentage of unsold food reduces. all(prenominal) employee is entitled to free food after every six hours though it was later adjusted to 12 hours.The reinforcement theory analyzes the relationship between employees behavioral action and the subsequent consequence (Gayne & Deci, 2005). It focuses on adapting an employee to the behavior expected in th e workplace through the appropriate use of the

Company Analysis - Volkswagen Group in Forest, Brussels Essay

Company Analysis - Volkswagen separate in Forest, capital of Belgium - Essay ExampleThe Groups production unit in Forest, capital of Belgium, is considered as one of the nigh important production units of the constitution. The production change developed in the particular unit is analyzed in this paper. Emphasis is given on the potentialitys of the Group to reduce this units costs without affecting the Groups performance or the quality of the products involved. At the same time, the units logistic process is reviewed focusing on the fact that the various parts of the firms cars are coming from diverse places in Europe and are assembled in Brussels to be then sold all about the world. 2. Production process in Volkswagen Group in Forest, Brussels 2.1 Description of the process In severalise to understand the performance of the firms production unit in Forest, Brussels it would be obligatory to present primarily the key characteristics of the production unit involved. Then, the production process should be analytically described, as all of its phases. Finally, the phases of the process that are of key value for its success, meaning the cost focus techniques and the quality management techniques as employ in the specific production unit, should be further analyzed, followed by suggestions as of their potential update or alteration for supporting the increase of the Groups performance. Volkswagen Group incorporates a spicy range of brands (see plan 1, Appendix). This means that the terms of operation of the Groups production units internationally consume to be carefully reviewed, so that delays or failures in regard to the quality of the products (cars) are avoided. In Figure 2 (Appendix) the monthly deliveries of the Group are presented. It is made clear that the orders of customers in... This shew focuses on the examination and the abstract provided by the researcher, on the topic of the production process of a well-known corporation - the Volkswag en Group. The researcher of the essay discusses the processes that are employed in the Groups production unit in Forest, Brussels. These processes are reviewed and evaluated emphasise on the effectiveness of units quality and cost management. The essay aims to show that the production processes used by the Volkswagen Group organization are well organized despite the fact that the logistics management of the organization is quite challenging, since the parts of cars are sent to the firms unit in Brussels by various places across Europe and have to be assembled so that the finished product is promoted to the European market. It is cerebrate by the researcher that the firms production unit in Forest, Brussels, meets most requirements of a fortunate production unit. Still, certain changes are required so that the performance of the unit to be standardized in the long term. The evaluation of the effectiveness of a production process is quite important for estimating the current and fo rthcoming potentials of the organization involved. The review of the production process in Volkswagens production plant in Brussels has revealed the strengths of the specific process. It is also assumed that the firms performance in the global market, as reflected in its financial statements is highly related to the high performance of the production plant in Brussels.

POL2000 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT WK 5 ASSIGNMENT Coursework

POL2000 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT WK 5 ASSIGNMENT - Coursework Example214).Elections that happen upon smirch halfway between head of state elections are referred to as midterm elections. These elections, for instance, the ones that took place in 2006 and 2010, take in 1/3 of the United States governing body, every House of Representative affiliate, various governors, additional nationally officeholders, as well as state representatives by ballot. Countless local selections for affiliates of the city council and mayors take place in the spring of years that are odd-numbered.Registration, turnout, and mobilization affect a rise in choose. Registration is a legal requirement for voter registration that came about arose because of a rejoinder to concerns concerning ballot abuses however, it also puts voting off. Voter registration prerequisite substantially have an effect on voting rates (Magleby, Light, & Nemacheck, 2011, pp. 224-225).Turnout is the voting-age public percentage that cas t their ballots. Turnout is higher within general elections compared to simple selections and higher within primary elections compared to special elections. Turnout is also higher within presidential oecumenic elections compared to midterm universal elections, and sky-scraping in presidential principal elections compared to midterm primary elections. Voter turnout is furthermore higher in elections within which federal office aspirants are on the opinion poll than in national voting in years when no centralized contests exist (Magleby, Light, & Nemacheck, 2011, pp. 226).Mobilization is another occurrence that affects an increase in voting because in a country as uniformly divided in politics as the USA is electric currently, candidates ought to also marshal their most dedicated followers, or their base. This reaffirms their nourishment for concerns or groups that are important to the base. The communication volume within competitive elections and battlefield states in current elections has been astonishing (Magleby, Light, &

Retention of Novice Teachers who Migrate to Arizona to Begin their Dissertation

Retention of Novice Teachers who Migrate to Arizona to Begin their Teaching C areers - Dissertation Example certainty programs, which typically have several goals, are the most common support structure for modern teachers (Killeavy, 2006). Among those goals are to instruct smart teachers in the methods, culture, and background of the school or district to increase student achievement, and to do new teachers experience success in their first stratum (Breaux & Wong, 2003). Success of a first year teacher is commonly measured by both student academic success as healthful as the novice teachers desire to continue in the teaching profession (Strong, 2005). Unfortunately, rubbing rates for teachers new to the profession continue to be high with as many as fractional of all new teachers leaving the profession within their first three years of teaching (Ingersoll & Smith, 2011 Greiner & Smith, 2006 Darling-Hammond, 2004). consort to Rosenow (2005) as many as 10% of novice teachers in high-poverty schools fail to finish their first panoptic year of teaching. While these numbers are alarming, alone they do not provide adequate incursion into the factors that influence a novice teachers intent to sting or leave the profession. Factors influencing a teachers decision to leave the profession range from job stress to low correct to inadequate support (Reiman & Corbell, 2007). However, induction programs with strong support elements have shown promise in increasing belongings rates of novice teachers (Corbell, Osborne, & Reiman, 2010 Hammer, 2005). American public schools are at a critical crossroads. In the undermentioned decade, it is estimated that an additional 200,000 teachers will be needed as a result of teacher retirements, increasing birthrates, and immigration, and the popularity of class-size simplification initiatives (Zumwalt & Craig, 2009 Graue & Rauscher, 2009). Compounding the problem is the fact that some states, like Arizona, fail to produce e nough college graduates to fill the make for new teachers (Berry, Fuller, & Williams, 2007). This has resulted in some school districts, particularly hobnailed ones, recruiting and hiring teachers from other states resulting in novice teachers who emigrate across state lines to begin their careers (Allen, 2005). Little is currently known about the factors that influence the intent to stay for the sub-population of novice teachers who migrate across state lines to begin their teaching careers. However, current investigate on new teacher retention suggest that induction programs with strong mentor, colleague, and administration support help to increase retention of novice teachers (Corbell, 2008). Statement of Problem Despite the efforts by administrators and policy makers to increase the retention of novice teachers, research consistently shows that between 30-50% of teachers leave the profession within their first three years (Ingersoll & Smith, 2011 Greiner & Smith, 2006 Darli ng-Hammond, 2004) Furthermore, Merkel (2004) describes the problem of new teacher attrition in Arizona as chronic. Many Arizona districts, particularly rural ones, experience the revolving door described by Ingersoll (2003) in which new teachers are hired, trained, and supported but not retained beyond their first few years. Therefore, the purpose of this quantitative study will be to construe the factors that influence retention rates of novice teachers who migrate to Arizona from out of state to begin their careers. importee of Study It is not known if novice teachers w

Alternative Education Options Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alternative education Options - Assignment ExampleThis is mavin of the key features for the school. The test serves the following purposes to identify the students potentials, to allow the teachers to give sound judgment on the range and effectiveness of the course and finally assess on the whole accomplishment of the course. The school uses formal tests, homework, layer work, field trips among others to constantly assess the students progress.The school has a diverse range of out door activities easy for learners. The include round square community service projects, drama, debating and verse speaking, horse riding and desktop publication among others. These activities have greatly assisted in promoting self discipline among the students with the help of strict school rules and regulations. brave out House has the academic calendar beginning from the month of August to December for the first term however with breaks in between lasting for a period of one week. The second term r esumes on January work March but with breaks for half term. The third term resumes after the Easter holiday with a and short half term.The school has very skilled professionals who are fully dedicated to the tune of schools foreign focus. The staff comprises of the locals, Asians and British expatriates of whom they are well trained with technical knowledge of British curriculum.The school adapts the British form of curriculum throughout the entire academic period. Among the subjects done include Music, modern Foreign Language, English, History, Art, Science, Mathematics, physical Education, Geography and ICT. At the end of academic year, students sit for International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) examinations thereafter join International Foundational Year program.The school is governed by board of directors who are well educated about the academic prospects of life. For smooth operation of the school, it is funded by

Prejudice & Discrimination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prejudice & Discrimination - Essay ExampleAccording to the study a soulfulnesss interaction with an elderly person can be easily affected consciously or unconsciously. From a persons perceived age mixer and cognitive competencies, political and religious beliefs and somatic abilities are assumed by younger people, these assumptions help people know how to act and look for the near information and remember.From this paper it is clear thatageism is something that everyone if lucky would in conclusion join. It would not be surprising and inherently offensive when one notices a persons age early in a social encounter, the way at which this information is taken can be destructive to the older person. Ageism, racism and sexism eventually becomes institutionalised which would then affect hiring decisions, medical care and social policies.Most people get scared of approaching old age, becoming old was once upon a time seen as a lifelike process, but in repenny time ageism is seen to b e a social problem. The media shows only 1.5 per cent of the elderly people and most of which the majority of them are in minor roles.After the Industrial transition swept through the world more individuals lived longer. This was due to more food production, better medical care, and other advancements that allowed workers to live longer.As workers lived longer, the need to have a retirement for the retiring elderly became a necessity. The man of industrial economy was each generation now supported themselves.

Journal Article Critques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

diary Article Critques - Essay ExampleThe guinea pig also established that the concepts between childhood obesity wide-ranging significantly from one region to another. There seems to be no consensus on the available body of acquaintance on the subject of obesity and overweight in children. The study also acknowledges the difficul get marrieds involved in scope an international consensus regarding the footing to be used in the definition of obesity and overweight among children. According to the study, both(prenominal) usual barriers have been used in the definition although there seems to specific differences even at heart the common terms. The study cites the example of Body Mass Index (BMI), which is a standard measure of find out obesity. According to the study, this BMI determines the manner in which a busy study explores the levels of obesity within a particular context. The cit-off point in the BMI has often varied from the percentile points of 85th and 97th. The r esults from this study illustrate clearly the levels of strife associated with the definition of obesity in children. However, the study seems to develop well-nigh points of general consensus between the various issues that tie on the matter of childhood obesity in children. ... hat it seems to anchor its assumptions on some of the already known effects of obesity in terms of how it affects the development of children matters. This may not add saucy knowledge to the nurse practitioner since the common definitions have been overly exhausted by the research arena. Variations in perceptions seem to attach to the specific aspects as included within the general factors of the definition. However, the broad definitions of obesity, according to the terms of this study, coalesce around some common points. Notably, this study comes out strongly by bringing into posture some of the problematic issues that are related to the definition of obesity in children. It also makes the point just about the need for increased research into the manifestation of obesity in children. This point is drawn from a general concern that the traditional definition of obesity has tended to curve out certain demographic factors while ignoring others. For instance, the term obesity has traditionally been associated with certain age brackets, and people of some specific socio-economic statuses. On this score, this study challenges some of these assumptions by providing or suggesting an expansion on the frame of reference within which alternative and more omnibus(prenominal) definitions of childhood obesity could be understood. Therefore, the article becomes an important mind opener and prepares the nurse practitioner for farther research into the area of concern. The study conducted by Kumar (2012) sought to explore the prevalence, manifestation, interventions, and common challenges associated with obesity in children. The study identifies childhood obesity as a crisis of public health ar ound the world. The study observes that the prevalence of childhood obesity has been on the rise in

Child Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Child Development - Essay ExampleThis deal stresses that the puerility of the anti-socials had been full of negligence and deprival which has sucked out all their humanity and fellow feelings. Same can be said about children who spend their childhood in an orphanage where there is no one to oddly care for each child. Such children spend a childhood of depression and when they grow up, often interrupt pessimistic approach towards life. Moreover, since the commencement of human civilization, human beings have learnt to depend on one other to satisfy their basic needs. Thus the nature of dependence on one another is the integral hold of mankind. Now, if a child is deprived of his right at the start of the life, this will obviously hamper the innate growth and development of its mind and consequently develop a sense of loneliness at a later stage in life.This paper makes a conclusion that proper care is very of the essence(predicate) for a child to help it grow up into an ideal hu man being and lead a normal life. This care must be selfless and unconditional in nature, which can only be expected from a childs mother. Researchers have found how a traumatic and painful childhood can hamper the proper mental development of a child, sometimes even leading a person to develop negative feelings towards the society. This is why sensitive mothering is very important for a child.

The US Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) Essay Example for Free

The US Securities Exchange committee (SEC) EssayThe US Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) is a federal law-enforcing agency that ensures accepted statues and regulations are followed in the US Securities trades. It protects the investors in the securities industry, and at the same time curbs the fairness and the strength of the market.This would benefit not only the investors, but also other market stakeholders such as the public. Some of the important characteristics of the market ensured by the SEC include flexibility, stability, dynamics and sophistication. The SEC would also maintain freeness, fairness, order and efficiency in the markets. This would enable the capital to build and develop further. THE SEC believes in certain values such as integrity, responsibility, fairness, resourcefulness, teamwork and commitment for excellence (US SEC, 2006).The SEC was created in the year 1934, following the mankind of the Securities Exchange Act, 1934. The Act was basically meant to protect the investors from financial crashes in the stock market. Following the World War-1, the large number believed that the market was a place where they could transform from rags to riches. However, following the 1929-Great Stock market crash, people began to pretermit confidence in the markets. During the Great Depression period, investors lost great sums of money, and people began to lose hope that the market would ever recover.This was when the government stepped in and tried to frame laws for the betterment of the public. The Securities Act was mainly to ensure that the investor feels that the market is a safe place to invest. It help enable the investor to know more about the business of the caller-out they are investing, the type of securities the company is selling and the risks involved during investing. The brokers, traders and sellers of the securities would have to treat the investor with respect, ensuring that their interest is maintained at all times (U S SEC, 2007).The SEC consists of Commissioners who are being appointed by the President for a 5-year term. wiz of these commissioners is given the post of Chairman. These Commissioners have to be from different political parties. The SEC has 4 divisions and 18 offices. The render of the SEC lies in Washington DC (US SEC, 2007).The SEC would perform several function including-1. Create new-sprung(prenominal) laws and modify the existing laws concerning securities2. Help to comprehend the laws regarding securities3. Monitor the market situation regarding securities especially the brokers, investors, traders, advisors, agencies, etc4. Ensure that the offstage regulatory security organizations are functioning in a proper manner5. Ensure that organizations out of doors the US are following the laws laid down in the Securities statue. (US SEC, 2007)ReferencesU.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (2006). U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission2006 execution and Accountability Repor t, Retrieved on November 3, 2007, from US SEC Web situate http//edgar.sec.gov/about/secpar/secpar2006.pdfU.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (2007). US The Investors Advocate How the SEC Protects Investors, Maintains Market Integrity, and Facilitates Capital Formation, Retrieved on November 3, 2007, from US SEC Web site http//www.sec.gov/about/whatwedo.shtml

Abuse & Fraud Essay Example for Free

Abuse Fraud shewIn the present health care system, hospital practitioner joint ventures make entirely the concerned parties subject to a complicated network of regulations and law and to the scrutiny by many federal agencies including The bloodline in States Department of Health and Human portions (HHS) The Office of the Inspector General (OIG) The Federal Bureau of investigation and the General Accounting Office (GAO) The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) The department of Justice (DOJ) The Internal receipts Service (IRS)In sum to this, many hospital financial managers must thoroughly understand the complex laws and regulations that norm onlyy affect their relationship with the atomic number 101s or doctors. The Medicaid and Medicare abuse and fraud statute provides that a person who wilfully and knowingly pays, offers, receives or solicits any remuneration in exchange of referring a person to the for the furnishing of any service or item, or recommending any facility pai d for in whole by Medicare shall be abominable of a felony (Goldsmith, 2010). In most cases, this provision is referred to as the anti kickback statute.Compensation is defined in this statute as including bribes, rebates, kickbacks whether made indirectly or directly, covertly or overtly, in kind or in cash (McWay, 2003). The penalties for violating the anti-kickback statute are quite severe and include criminal penalties, imprisonment for up to five years and fines of up to twenty five thousand dollars (Morrison, 2009). Additionally, the office of the Inspector General, which is the investigative promoter for the HHS, has the authority to enforce money penalties on any violators and to prohibit them from participating in any medical exam programs (Bauman, 2002).Given the extent of the abuse and fraud statute, there are many details of the law that throw been stipulated in the greets that allow broadly interpreted the statute (Bauman, 2002). According to the Center for Medicar e Medicaid services (2005), the leading cases mention that if one several objectives of payments is to stimulate referrals, it is a violation of the abuse and fraud statute. Furthermore, when referrals must be the primary(prenominal) reason of a transaction in orders to amount to a breach, referrals still need to be the furbish up purpose. In the year 1991, HHS released the unspoiled harbor regulations that described eleven exemptions from the abuse and fraud statute (Altshuler, Creekpaum Fang, 2008). Furthermore, the arrangements that sate the safe harbor provisions are normally protected from the scrutiny.The vast majority of arrangements between opposite providers, suppliers and practitioners will normally fall outside of the safe harbors because it is somewhat difficult to structure the arrangements that surveil with all the conditions of the drawn provisions (Bauman, 2002). For the medial practitioners who are unfamiliar with abuse and fraud law, the practical effect o f the rules may hamper the development of some innovative arrangements and practices that can be beneficial to medical programs such as Medicaid and Medicare enrollees.In addition to this, the infinite majority of health providers, suppliers and physicians who serve people with Medicare are committed to providing higher(prenominal) quality care to their patients as well as billing the medical program only for the payments that the physicians have earned (Bauman, 2002)Many health practitioners in the health industry are of the view that any kinds of arrangements that fall outside the safe harbor provisions are illegitimate (Altshuler, Creekpaum Fang, 2008). On the opposite hand, the failure to comply with these safe harbor provisions may signify thatThe arrangement is not intended at all to stimulate the referral of business reimbursable under medical programs such as Medicaid or Medicare.The arrangement infringes the statute and does not meet the criteria for safe harbor protect ion.The arrangement may breach the statute in a slight serious way.Discussion based on the applicable statutes, the Feldstein case and other casesThe most known safe harbors mainly deal with investments by practitioners and providers. There are two safe harbors for investment interests one for investments in large businesses and one for small businesses. In the large business safe harbor, the entity possesses over fifty gazillion dollars in undepreciated net tangible assets, which are related to certain medical programs such as Medicaid.In the Feldsteins case, there is an issue of whether physician or doctor recruitment can be repellent from any legal attack because of a possible violation of abuse of laws and federal fraud. Unlike other abuse opinions and federal fraud cases, the facts of this case did not involve any kind of corruption. In addition to this, the facts of the Feldstein case are significant because they are a common occurrence in the medical field.Additionally, in this case, when the defendants acquired the control of the hospital, they had attempted to terminate the doctors contract because they were of the view that the doctors physician recruitment agreements had violated the federal fraud stipulations as well as abuse law. The doctor had refused to seminal fluid to a settlement with the defendants and he then sued them for a breach of contract. In the courts ruling, the court decided to decline all the recruitment arrangements illegal and stated that some arrangements may be permissible at some point. The issue of safe harbors arises in this point.

Improving Carbon Dioxide Solubility in Ionic Liquids Essay Example for Free

Improving Carbon Dioxide Solubility in Ionic Liquids EssayPreviously we showed that carbon dioxide could be employ to extract organic molecules from dome liquids without contamination of the garret liquid. Consequently a figure of other separates demonstrate that ionic liquid/ carbon dioxide biphasic systems could be used for homogeneously catalyzed reactions. Large differences in the solvability of various gases in ionic liquids present the possibility of using them for gas separations. More belatedly we and others have shown that the presence of carbonic acid gas extends the solvability of other gases that are poorly soluble in the ionic liquid shape. Therefore, a knowledge and realizeing of the phase behavior of these ionic liquid/ carbon dioxide systems is historic.With the aim of finding ionic liquids that emend CO2 solvability and gaining more information to help us understand how to design CO2-philic ionic liquids, we present the low- and juicy-pressure mea surements of CO2 solubility in a range of ionic liquids possessing structures likely to increase the solubility of CO2. We examined the CO2 solubility in a number of ionic liquids with dictatorial increases in fluorination.We also studied nonfluorinated ionic liquids that have structural features known to improve CO2 solubility in other compounds such as polymers, for example, carbonyl groups and long alkyl chains with branching or ether linkages. Results show that ionic liquids containing change magnitude fluoroalkyl chains on either the cation or anion do improve CO2 solubility when compared to less fluorinated ionic liquids previously studied. It was also rear that it was possible to obtain similar, high levels of CO2 solubility in nonfluorous ionic liquids. In agreement with our previous results, we found that the anion frequently plays a key role in determining CO2 solubility in ionic liquids.IntroductionThe phase behavior of CO2 with ionic liquids (ILs) is important for the development of several potential IL applications. Since we first showed that CO2 was soluble in ILs and could be used to extract organic solutes,1-3 IL/CO2 systems have been demonstrated for various catalytic reactions.4-17 In some cases, CO2 is used to extract the product from the IL, leaving female genitals the catalyst and the IL for reuse. Others have adopted IL/CO2 continuous flow systems, where CO2 is used to deliver the substrates to the IL/catalyst phase and extract the products.Recently we also confirmed that CO2 could increase the solubility of gases normally not very soluble on their own in ILs.18 We found that the solubility of CH4 and O2 increased in ILs even at low partial pressures of CO2. Others studying the enantioselective hydrogenation of imines using a cationic iridium catalyst in an IL/CO2 biphasic system found that the catalyst performance was increased dramatically in the IL when CO2pressure was added.19 High-pressure NMR showed that the addition of CO2 incr eased the amount of H2 fade out in the IL. The authors believed that the catalyst, which was known to be sensitive to H2 availability, could operate more effectively due to an increase in H2 concentration in the IL along with a decrease in viscosity of the IL with added CO2. other* Corresponding author. Telephone (574) 631-5847. Fax (574) 6318366. E-mail emailprotected flowing address EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K. E-mail emailprotected Current address Intermediates RD, Invista S.a.r.l, Sabine River Laboratory B568, P. O. Box 1003, Orange, TX 77631-1003.potential application of ILs that several research groups along with our group have examined is the separation of CO2 fromgas mixtures.20-22To design and optimize processes using ILs, it is essentialthat we understand the important factors that determine CO2solubility. It is possible to design many potential ILs in that respectfore, the systematic study of di fferent cation/anion combinations ordain allow us to decipher the key properties in making CO2-philic ILs.To date we have studied the solubility of CO2 in a range ofcommonly used ILs.2,23-29 We found that there were a number of factors that controlled the CO2 solubility in the chosen ILs, both cation and anion related.26 Of the ionic liquids studied, the anion played the biggest role in CO2 solubility, a fact that was supported by a recent X-ray diffraction study by Kanakubo et al.30 Anions that contain fluoroalkyl groups were found to have some of the highest CO2 solubilities, and as the quantity of fluoroalkyl groups increased, the CO2 solubility also increased. The previous studies showed CO2 solubility for 1-butyl3-methylimidazolium (bmim+) based ILs at 60 C increased in the order nitrate (NO3-) tetrafluoroborate (BF4-) dicyanamide (DCA-) ? hexafluorophosphate (PF6-) ? trifluoromethanesulfonate (TfO-) bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonylimide (Tf2N-) tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)me thide (methide-). For the cations, there were two factors thatinfluenced the CO2 solubility. The biggest effect was seen in increasing alkyl chain length on the cation. For a given cation, the CO2 solubility increased with increasing chain length, and these results are consistent with those reported elsewhere.31-35

Dalman Swot Essay Example for Free

Dalman Swot EssayDalman and Lei argon considering a large-scale expansion for their business, organize blitz. In order to come to the right conclusion they need to do a SWOT psychoanalysis which means finding a strength, a weakness, an fortune and a threat in regards to the operations of the business. By performing a SWOT analysis Dalman and Lei will be able to find real information about their internal and external business environment. Then they will be able to fasten on advantage of opportunities presented to them by playing on their strengths, correcting their weaknesses and counter acting threats, or those items or actions of competitors deemed potential threats. The first gear part of doing the SWOT analysis is to identify one strength and one weakness in regards to machinate Blitzs internal resources. Sandwich Blitzs strength is that they have a validating cash flow and Lei knows that they have enough money to open two new locations. take down though she mention s that there has been a decrease in traffic in the stores near the office park they are still making a profit. Their weakness is their internal structure is not functioning properly at the moment.Dalman and Lei are spending the majority of their time helping the managers with budgeting and the daily accounting process. These are things the managers should be doing themselves without Dalman and Leis help. The second part of doing the SWOT analysis is to identify one opportunity and one threat in regards to Sandwich Blitzs external environment. Sandwich Blitz soon has eight locations but they are all within one metropolitan area. So, an opportunity for Sandwich Blitz is that they could expand into another city. The threat that Sandwich Blitz faces is that competitors are entering the market because they have shown to be profitable. Lei mentions that there are two new franchise operations emerging into the market that pass similar food products as Sandwich Blitz. In short, Dalman an d Lei need to put together a strategic plan to solve the issues that the business is currently facing before they jump feet first into the nous of expanding and opening new locations.

Developing Managers in Business Essay Example for Free

Developing Managers in Business EssaySuccess in the have it offledge economy comes to those who know themselves, their strengths, their value, and how they best perform (Peter Drucker)The main aim of this spread abroad is to focus on a particular anxiety development syllabus and by identifying how it works to determine whether it has been sound in developing the bus for its business. The report looks at how certain focusing development create mentallys have been use to become shift/duty manager for a particular organisation.It identifies a range of formal and informal forward moti angiotensin converting enzymes that have been used to vouch effective outcomes. It also includes examining the main away and internal factors that have influenced management development. Further more(prenominal) than the report identifies any shortcomings and changes that be required to improve the process of developmental management. The main method used to conduct this report was obtaini ng show date hand information from a shift/duty manager at a local sustenance industry however, relevant literature resources have also been used to support views, military ratings and recommendations made.Rosemary Stewart who has been noted for studies of organisations and managers in attain. Based on Managers and their Jobs, (1967/1987) identified four approaches to defining the term management. Theses argon as follows1. Theoretical approach this is found on the development of theories of management, using approaches focused on political, economical, sociological, psychological or anthropological surmise and philosophy.2. Descriptive approach has been given a very simple definition, the job that managers and supervisors do.3. Comparative approach based on the hierarchical organisation and structure within an organisation, also focused on comparison and evaluation methods4. Action-based approach this focuses more on the way that those defined as managers spend their time management as the activities carried out by managersWhat is management development? According to Lessem, R (1990) developmental management is humanistic in essence in other words the developmental manager values the whole police squad and values them for their inter-dependence. In order to fully understand the concept of management development it is essential to know of its historical roots. In the workplace individuals and managers unaware of certain behaviour patterns will unintentionally damage their personal effectiveness. When a manager understands the unique differences between individuals then they are in a more powerful position. They are better able to manage, understand, and lead wad towards higher level of productivity, lower frustration, higher morale, and better storage rates.The type of management development programme focused on in this report is basic management training from shift/duty managers. The course itself was split into residential and in-store training with a mentor. The total residential training lasted for eight days at a national training centre and head office. The time limit given to complete the modules specified for this particular programme was twelve weeks, in-store with a mentor. However, twelve weeks macrocosm a rough guide as many required more time and candidates regularly blame little the modules outside this limit.The course was tailored not only for people with experience but also for theoretical account graduates who would have had little or no experience in managing a shift. However, as this particular programme was centred towards the duty manager level its main focus was around people management, whereby it would deal with provide need levels, training, receiving and giving feed back, appraisals etc, rather than actual business management i.e. managing a profit and loss account. there were seventeen modules that needed to be completed, below is a table explaining briefly what these modules wereModulesProg ramme1-3Orientation and getting Started. (was completed during residential)4-5Cleanliness, Sanitation and Food Safety. Begins by basic training as would be for all members of staff within the organisation, then becomes more involved in how to effectively manage a team to jibe food safety and cleanliness standards are high as they are constantly observed and monitored.6-7Safety, Security and Crisis caution. How to ensure the safety of staff and customers on shift, including health and safety. Basically teaches the manager how to deal with anything from a power concussion to an armed robbery.8-9Product Excellence. Begins quite basic as to how to identify an out of date product, then becomes more in depth regarding basic stock control, ordering procedures etc.10-12Basic Human Resource and press Management. Dealt with how to effectively manage a team, including exercises on good responsibilities of a manager with regards to discrimination, grievance procedures and disciplinary act ion as well as staff training issues, coaching, how to motivate a team and managing cost of dig up on a shift-to-shift basis.13Service Recovery. How to prevent, anticipate and deal with customer complaints and how to effectively observe and canvass team member accomplishment to reduce the risk of a complaint.14Opening the Restaurant.15 pillowcase Change.16Closing the Restaurant.The above three points (14-16) are self explanatory. Trainee managers were expected to work through these whilst detect the mentor complete the tasks in order to see how the prognosis of previous modules were put into practice for modeling stock control, security, cost of labour etc.17Floor Management. Dealing with problems prior to them becoming formal complaints or even accidents. This included the figure of eight walk, prioritising new unexpected tasks and team member recognition.The modules were very general, however, forrader putting theory into practice observation played a vital role, whereby tr ainees were to observe their mentors completing certain tasks in order to learn how to tailor tasks to suit the environment. Upon completing the training there was a test followed by an interview with the Area Manager in which the test results were discussed and the standards of completed modules were assessed.The informal approaches used whilst completing the management development programme was the mentor advising best practices for within the restaurant. The formal approaches used were the achievement of modules and work books as well as observations where both candidates were observing the mentor and the mentor observing the candidate. The programme in itself prepared the trainees for a position as duty manager. The programme was learner centred and in some cases lack of motivation or resources meant that it lasted longer than the original given deadline of twelve weeks.There were both external and internal factors that influenced the development of duty/shift managers working . The main external factors were that being a food facility industry, there were many laws and government regulations pertaining to food, safety and obviously regulations for health and safety and employment laws that needed to be learned and put into practice. The main internal factors that influenced management development were the standards set by the social club which any manager and team member were expected to have extensive knowledge of.This covered every aspect of the business from the way tables were set to uniform standards to dealing with complaints in a professional manner, which involved more in depth training for management trainees. Although the training provided to trainee managers was quite extensive, practical experience gained via mentors seemed more knowledgeable, as stated quite clearly in the quote below from a previous trainee manager I feel that I learned a lot from the course, the modules and the work books as it introduced me to a lot of legal aspects of the food industry which I would not have learned otherwise, but I found that I learned more from the time spent with my mentor virtually how to be a manager that team members respected.As recognised by A.Mumford (1993) there are five acts in the evolution of thought about what managers do these are1 The generalisation stage2 The scientific stage3 The management by objective stage4 The contingency/ realistic stage5 The competency stage..Many organizations are turning to behaviour assessments and reputation trait testing for both hourly workers and managers. Back in the late 90s, only 5 pct of 500 companies used some type of assessment. Today, that figure is climbing to 65 percent. A year 2000 take in by American Management Association showed nearly half of 1,085 employers polled use at least one assessment in their interviewing process.Assessments can servicing* Individuals identify their strengths, know which jobs they are best suited for, and name a development plan to overc ome shortcomings.* HR managers predict a job applicants success before they are hired.* Business owners understand the temperament and work style of individual employees and managers.* Supervisors can give performance feedback to people in a style they understand and accept for improving performance and accelerating professional development.* masses enhance communication, understanding, and improve personal relationships.* Sales managers select, hire, develop, and motivate super sales people.For example a company would use the assessment process to improving their hiring and recruitment process. If for instance, previously they made decisions based on the candidates sum up and then hired the person based on their gut reaction. Once hired, many of these new people created friction, had bad work ethics, and their attitudes had a negative impact on their co-workers.ConclusionDeveloping people is less expensive than firing them. By understanding behaviour differences an organization c an align an employees motivations with the companys mission. Assessments also help individuals reduce conflict and get along better. Furthermore, co-workers appreciate each persons unique strengths and abilities. With this knowledge organizations and managers can maximize the abilities of their workforce in ways to help make all employees star performers.References Lessem, R. (1990) Developmental Management principles of holistic business Oxford, Basil Blackwell Managers and their Jobs (Penguin, 1977, new edition 1988) The Reality of Organisation (Penguin, 1972, new edition 1986) The Diversity of Management 1994.

Recommendation for Internal Accountant Essay Example for Free

Recommendation for immanent Accountant EssayInternal Auditing is an independent, objective self-assertion and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organizations operations (What is essential auditing?, 2010). Internal report control is a series of procedures designed to promote and protect sound management practices, both general and financial that will increase the likelihood that * Financial information is reliable, so that managers and the board can buoy depend on accurate information to make programmatic and other decisions * Assets and records of the organization atomic number 18 not stolen, misused, or accidentally destroyed * The organizations policies argon followed* And government regulations are met (Internal Accounting, 2011). It is important to have an essential accountant accessible to help instill these controls and ensure compliance with Generally Accepted Principles.Internal AccountantsManagement accountants and ind substantiallying a uditors are both imperative to a company to help with internal controls. Management accountants study and interpret handicraft numbers, and decide on how money should be spent and advise management on key pipeline decisions (Career Management Accountants and Internal Auditors, 2011). Internal auditors check the records of management accountants to make sure they are accurate and that the controls are in place to protect against fraud and waste (Career Management Accountants and Internal Auditors, 2011).Internal AuditorThe internal auditor recommended should have a minimum of a bachelors degree in accounting or a related field. This person should also have experience in information technology, surround and compliance if possible. The perfect candidate should also have prior experience in verifying impelling organizational internal controls to ensure that records are accurate and the controls are adequate (Accountants and Auditors, 2011). He/she should also be able to recommend and review controls for the organizations computer systems to s=ensure their reliability and rightfulness of the data (Accountants and Auditors, 2011).ConclusionInternal audit standards are mandatory requirements consisting of * Statements of basic requirements for the professional practice of internal auditing and for evaluating the effectiveness of its performance * Interpretations, which clarify terms or concepts within the statements (International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing, 2010) The internal accounting position should be filled by a potential candidate that works well with others and has knowledge of the business itself.

The Psychology to Sams Rebellion Essay Example for Free

The psychology to surface-to-air missiles Rebellion EssayThe Psychology 2 In the movie spiritedness as a House, Georges son, surface-to-air missile goes through new forms in demeanor. When the movie begun surface-to-air missile was a rebellious young teen with damaging happenings toward his father. Through come on the plot of the movie Sam goes through experiences with his father as they spend time unneurotic over the summer, which brings them closer together and allows them to set about a better relationship. Sams acting out and unwanted actions were results of his p atomic number 18nts disjoin and not having a healthy relationship with his father. In Psychology, the basic concept of Nature vs. Nurture is verbalize to Influence Development. Nature, according to Laura A. King (2010), includes the individuals biological inheritance, especially his or her genes (p.264). Nurture involves a persons environment and experiences.In her book King (2010) excessively states ear ly experiences are important contributors to development (p.266). In the movie you could substantially understand the nurture side of Sams behavior. Knowing and hearing much or less what kind of people Sam hangs out with we can kind of understand why he dresses a certain way and why he par stops in certain activities, such as drugs. The people he hangs out with leads us back once more than to the divorce. Sam chooses to hang out with others like him who fell pain inside. His behaviors are a cry for help. In the movie Sam says I like how it feels not to feel. He does drugs to forget his problems and not feel pain.The emotions that young kids and teens go through when parents get a divorce usually include depression, anger, sadness, and the feeling that peradventure they could have d one something to have made the situation better. While some children and teens choose to hide their feelings, Sam didnt. He acted out with disrespect and constant anger. No one knows whether there ar e actually more depressed kids today or just greater awareness of the problem, but some researchers think that the focal point of a high divorceThe Psychology 3 rate, rising academic expectations and social pressure may be pushing more kids over the edge (Wingert, Pat, Barbara Kantrowitz, 2002, p. 52). The emotions that Sam has and in like manner his Development contribute to his Personality. Sam has what is called an Introverted personality, because he is not precise social and mostly keeps to himself. We see an example of his introverted behavior toward the beginning of the movie when he locks himself in his room and pushes his mother out. He prefers to be alone, and is not rattling social. Sams primary defense mechanism is Displacement. He shifts feelings toward an unacceptable object to another (King, 2010, p.343).The anger he has about the divorce , he shifts onto everyone else, especially his father. His parents divorce had a significant impact on his personality, emotio ns and development. Motivation is the crusade that moves people to behave, think and feel the way they do (King, 2010, p.305). Motivation is usually triggered by an incentive, or a reward for certain behaviors. The most common incentive is money. When George flushes drugs that he found that Sam was supposedly dimension for a friend in the toilet, Sam freaks out because he has to now pay his friend back. He is then motivated to work to make money to pay for the drugs.He asks his father to give him go dollars an hour to help George build the house. At first, the money was his primary motivation, but as he started acquiring closer with his father it became less about the money and more about building their father-son relationship and also building himself back up again. After George had opened up about his father and his past, Sam says I havent used anything drugs in two days, Im trying. His father motivates him to become a better person and to change his life around. When Sam acts out, his parent dont usually know how to handle him, so SamThe Psychology 4 continues to rebel. If his parents were to use operative conditioning to reinforce Sams behavior, he most likely wouldnt have rebelled as much. He would still have Negative feelings but his actions wouldnt have been so extreme. Nurturing come in again with scholarship and conditioning. If his father was around more to reinforce his behavior, he wouldnt have been the young jejuned boy who lashed out. Operant Conditioning is a way of learning and Sam needed to learn that his actions have consequences.Sam has a problem with substance abuse. In an intense seen with his father, he admits to have been using since he was twelve days old. Along with the stress of his parents divorce his drug abuse is a factor contributing to his extreme behavior. It is verbalise that a striking consequence of drug use by young people is its association with personnel and delinquency (Winters, 2010, p.118). Sam has become so ac customed to the use of drugs, since hes been taking them for so some(prenominal) years, that he even steals his fathers Vicodine. Anything to ease his pain. Not only does he suffer with drug abuse he also seems to have depression.Depression is a common illness for those who have divorced or absent parents. gloomy teenagers are more reactive to the environment than depressed adults. In addition, they act irritable. In classical depression, you are depressed allor almost all-of the time. Depressed teens moods are much more changeable. If an adult male gets depressed and you take him to a party, he is still depressed. In fact, he may depress others at the party. A teenage boy who is depressed and gets taken to a party might brighten, might actually want to have sex. If pursued, he might enjoy himself. But if he goes home alone, he is likely to become very depressed again. These mood changes are very hard for parents to understand (Winters, 2010, p.118). The changes and behaviors seen in Sam, in the movie Life as a house, are causedThe Psychology 5 due to a divorce between parents. And many aspects of the young adults behavior can be analyzed with psychology. Sams emotions, personality, learning and development all pertain to one another. Sams father helped motivate him, enabling him to turn his life around. His emotions had changed, not completely, but he became less ireful and less violent then when he was in the beginning of the movie. His Personality had also changed a bit, he was no longer as introverted as he was, he became a little more social.The Psychology 6 References King, L. (Ed.). (2010). Experience Psychology (1st ed.). New York, NY McGraw- Hill. Wingert, Pat, Kantrowitz, B. (2002, October 07). Young and Depressed. Newsweek. 52. Winters, Ken C. (1998, October). Kids and Drugs. Corrections Today. 118.

People often complain about life in the U.S. Essay Example for Free

People often complain rough deportment in the U.S. experimentPeople complain when most of their needs atomic number 18 not met. The irony of it lies when complaints are just piled up without any just insights on how to solve such problems. In the long run, complaints become a mathematical function of the disembodied spiritstyle of pack who are good at pointing at the loopholes most especially of the governing activity, and of the leading. As at that role would always be a reason for e really action that is d 1, and for every result that is produced, man is likewise by nature never contented. Furthermore, the will to seek for the best is always an intention to mark life worth living.Power, fame, and money tops the priority of why people choose the resource of fulfilling their daily agendum from dusk til dawn. Although, with the exception of the few who does their work for the common peoples welfare and interest. It may also be considered a egotismish ambition to seek good only for ones self advantage and leave or ignore others behind while they struggle for the well being of everyone. From birth, the very basics of life are taught following instructions, and that it is in the individuals prerogative to obey, and later onwards pass the consequences of such actions.On the other hand, citizens do view their obligations and responsibilities. From simple instructions of following the rules and regulations or by becoming a law abiding citizen then, at least one is a big mensuration ahead of fulfilling his obligations and responsibilities. Other concerns such as the payment of taxes for which some would dare not to are obligations that are intentionally forgotten. These are just simple, and few to mention that when taken for granted are enough reasons for do a citizens life fluctuate.Self-examination is important and should be carried before bursting in dismay the various injustices committed by the government and by the leaders or offici als. For whatever reasons people complain about life in the U. S. is according to their own generalization and judgement on whatever situation or experiences they are basing it. On the other hand, a patriot will readily and passionately criticize his government when it is evil, corrupt, and infamous and that refusing to do so is considered treason.It is the duty of every citizen to criticize, censure and scourge the semipolitical fiends that pretend to distribute the public when those villainous brutes serve only tyranny, greed, hatred, and prejudice. In addition, complaints may have been germinated and nurtured from the compost heap of tyranny, imperialism, and multinational widespread liberal acts of butchery, despotism, and horror. The exposure of such a regime and its operations has become a old duty of citizens who still believe in the Rule of Law and in the freedoms, which a country is supposed(p) to represent.On the other hand, as a citizen who loves his country, his nat ion or his homeland, such complaints should be put a break and instead take carve up in the reforms that are taking place and be a part of whatever changes that will occur. For what would one gain complaining against the government it only leads to further chaos and remainder that would later affect the stability of a country. Instead, an action of commitment is necessary for a change.Citizens cannot be ask to take part in the political process, and they are free to express their dissatisfaction by not participating. However, without the lifeblood of citizens action, in that respect can be no hope of making life much give away. Teamwork is at its best when everyone participates in the fulfillment of such goals and objectives. For this reason, citizens play a very major role in the phylogenesis of a country or a nation. Their actions speak louder when joined in one voice for the rehabilitation and development of their country.Most often, people are only joined on an aftermath , citing the 9/11 as an example. terra firma leaders were heard on radio and seen on television joining against terrorism as ecumenical threat to political-economic progress of every state or nation. Citizens thitherfore, should not take their responsibilities only as an option but as a mandate for which they should put into action and make commitments. US enjoy a government whereby the supreme power lies in the body of citizens who are entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them.In which case, election of public officials is the most visible and common form of participation for which people could exercise their genuinity as citizens. However, there are problems faced by the electorate before and during election that would stop or make them have a second thought in casting their votes. Thus, the agenda of making life better by taking part in the election is at stake. Needless to say, as a citizen who loves his country, taking part on a crucial endeavor is worth an honor for standing on such beliefs and life principles taking part for the better.In other areas, opportunities in which to participate to be able to have a part in the development and rehabilitation of a country and make it a better place to live is to take advantage of joining a host of private organizations, associations, and volunteer groups. For which many of these are concerned with issues of public policy and pay close attention to public opinion, making every driving to widen their base of support as they seek simultaneously to educate the public and influence government policies.The right of individuals to associate freely and to organize themselves into different sorts of nongovernmental groups is fundamental in shaping a better society, a better environment. When people of common interest band together, their voices can be heard and their chances of influencing the political debate increases. As there are no perfect leaders and perfect government that provides and meets the demands and expectations of its citizens, there are the advantages of opportunities vested upon the people to exercise their civil rights whenever it is necessary and while maintaining public order and countering attempts that ignites violence.Every occurrence that an individual faces everyday is a part of the spices of life that one should face courageously. That with his body, mind, and his character, should consider it as strengths for further growth and development. To make life better entails a long practice of patience and humility from which one could invest and influence others to follow. History records of people who have done it, and were able to successfully pursue their agendas after a long historic battle.Furthermore, citizens have the option of either to criticize and act, or to criticize and run into how complaints get piled and returns like a boomerang that backfires. It takes time, effort and most often investing money to make a goal successful. How ever in the long run, it pays an action for a legacy worthy for rising generations. As the world advances, and so do the expectations of every individual, of every citizen. In addition, as government leaders occupy government offices from time to time, new agenda are always sought. Accordingly, to the best interest of the peopleWhosoever leads, citizens action makes a difference when joined with a common goal to make life better. REFERENCES Felkins, Leon. How to turn away Wasting Your Vote. The Election. 26 May 1996. 19 http//www. spectacle. org/1096/felkins. html Kettenhofen, Colleen. rough People Dealing with Difficult People 101. Beyond Better Communications. 19 March 2007 http//www. livingbeyondbetter. com/difficult101. html Politics, Economicsc, and Pluralism. USINFO. STATE. GOV. 19 March 2007 http//usinfo. state. gov/products/pubs/whatsdem/whatdm8. htm

Raising Achievement of Ethnic Minority Children Essay Example for Free

realize Achievement of pagan Minority Children quizThis publications review would explore the barriers in raising educational achievements of ethnic nonage students. As this is a broad ara of concern the literature would examine two main barriers such as societal background issues and side as Additional Language (EAL) while briefly looking at some otherwise barriers such as Statistical data collected from the Pupil Level Annual naturalize count (PLASC) 2002 would be analysed in respect to this group social economic status and its effect on their erudition.The literature would outline the signifi understructurece of raising achievement, particularly ICT teachers responsibility. This report would identify some strategies/solutions including pedagogical approaches to raising achievement which would be support by research. The over only alignings would illustrate why ethnic minority children underperform pedantic aloney than their counterparts in schooldays. INTRODU CTIONIt is levelic to recognise that ethnic minority pupils may reflect into the category of low class low achievement. (Battle and Lewis 2010 pg35) utter a persons education is unlikeable linked to their life chances, income and wellbeing its thitherfore, unobjectionable to say that ethnic minority communities argon to the highest degree likely to underachievement than others because of their socio-economic conditions. Language in education has long been the subject of attention by educationists at only levels.Initially as concerning the problem of teaching English to children for whom it is not a first lyric poem, The Swann Report 1985 pg385 otherwise drawbacks to raising achievement atomic number 18 institutional racism, escape of motivation, lack of suitable challenge, the appropriateness of activities and tasks, a mix-match of expectations, a perceived irrelevance of the activities and tasks. National Education Authority claim to be raising achievement to high(pren ominal) levels and closing student achievement gaps argon priorities in schools and communities at all economic levels and in urban, rural, and suburban orbits.(http//www.nea. org/home/17413. htm. Accessed 02/11/12) What is Raising Achievement? According to (DfES 0013-2006. Pg. 6) (Excel and enjoy) raising achievement means a tailor education for every child and young person, that gives them strength in the basics, stretches their aspirations, and numbers their life chances. It go out create hazard for every child, regardless of their background. Teachers view a committed liability to enable all learners to describe and achieve their full potential, whether they are SEN (Special Education Needs), EAL (English as an Additional Language) or ethnic minority student.What is heathen Minority? The ethnic minorities in the UK, 50% are Asian or Asian British (Indian, Pakistani etc. ), 25% are baleful or Black British (Black Afri brook, Black Caribbean etc. ), 15% are Mixed Race, 5% are Chinese and 5% are of other ethnic back suit. (http//www. history encyclopaedismsite. co. uk/ethnic_minorities_education. htm. Accessed 02/11/12) Cabinet Office defined it as Ethnicity refers to cultural heritage (thus the term ethnic minorities can to a fault be used to include White ethnic minority groups in Britain, such as the Irish or people from other European countries).However, the systematic historical and continuing pattern of disadvantage for Black and Asian groups singles them out for special consideration. (webarchive. gov. uk. Accessed 02/11/12). Barriers to Raising achievement Socio-Economic Backgrounds Socio class can cause inequality in class which could in turn influence the achievement in children (C. Stephen pg. 269) fond scientists have treasure the importance of an individuals family socio economic status (SES) has an influence on the academic achievement of children since the mid-1960s.It could cause low their self-confidence and self-esteem ethnic mino rities may have special issues related to to self-esteem. Because of prejudice, minority members are likely to see a negative image of themselves ( DeLamater. J Myers. D pg. 88). (http//www. history culturesite. co. uk/ethnic_minorities_education. htm) Ethnic backgrounds that are less successful in education is because they have a higher perpennyage of pupils from on the job(p) class backgrounds. also the lower a childs class position, the lower their income.Bangladeshi, Pakistani and Black pupils are more likely to be raised in low income families. This can affect how well they do in school because lack of funds means lack of school equipment, less favourable clearing conditions e. g. tatty house, no desk etc. This inequity could lead to poor or erratic at functionance which was cited as a contri aloneory factor to poor learning in several schools. Table1 the Pupil Level Annual School Census (PLASC) 2002 illustrates the impact of socio-economic disadvantage by comparing re lative GCSE performance for pupils who are eligible for unaffectionate school meals.This shows that pupils from lower socio-economic groups tend to achieve less good results than those from higher socio-economic groups and that this difference is particularly monolithic for whiten pupils. (Aiming High Raising the Achievement of Minority Ethnic Pupils) Table2 The pupil level annual school census (PLASC) 2002 characteristics Proportion achieving 5+ A*-C GCSEs for those entered for GCSEs in Maintained Schools in 2002 Note these charts are ground on data collected as part of the 2002 Pupil Level Annual Schools Census.From 2003, data will be based on an updated set of categories including mixed heritage, Gypsy/Roma and Travellers of Irish heritage which are listed at annex A. (Aiming High Raising the Achievement of Minority Ethnic Pupils) Discrimination on grounds such as race will affect effective learning fundamentally in intimately cases, which is linked to disparities in school. Some schools are institutionally racist, says Oftseds Director of Inspections, Jim Rose to the annoyance of teachers unions.Mr Rose said Much of that racism, we think, is to do with unwitting stereotyping of youngsters and the lack of expectation or lowered expectation of teachers as a result of that sometimes (http// advanceds. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/education/294078. stm). With the fact that their ethnicity influences their class and their class influences their attitude, there is concern about the aspirations of underprivileged children socio-economic barriers may hinder aspiration formation for these children because of lack of mentors, opportunities, and resources and also uncertainness their ability to attain in learning (http//www.learningbenefits. net/Publications/ResReps/ResRep27. pdf pg3).The major(ip)ity of schools are engaged in a wide variety of initiatives to improve provision and raise the attainment of all pupils. However, few schools monitor these activities systemat ically and rarely do they have a specific ethnic focus. (Raising_the_attainment_of_minority_ethnic_pupils_school_and_LEA_responsespg7).Strategies to raising achievement of Socio-economic barrier Having possible expectations of the educational achievement of children of lower socioeconomic groups will use up them feel they can achieve their potential.Expectations are also shaped by teacher and student perceptions of the reasons for successes and failures. A low ability student, who views failures as lack of ability and successes as luck, will lose his motivation, feeling that there is little he can win over to improve his learning. (Rose Miller 2001) As evidenced earlier pupils from ethnic minority group have low self esteem therefore, it is crucial for teachers to assist the child or young person to take place their own preferred style and rhythm of learning so they are motivated to pursue their learning process, making them have ownership of their own learning and work.To coo perate raise achievement teachers and leaders should monitor and track achievement, come along and support the child to maximize their potential be aspirational for them. Parents with fewer financial resources tend to hold lower aspirations for their children, and young people from socially disadvantaged backgrounds tend to have lower aspirations than their more advantaged peers (Schoon, 2006).Promoting a culturally friendly environments and establishing classroom ethos of respect with a clear approach to racism and tough behaviour modelling and promoting values, attitudes and behaviour supportive of race equality in class would explore and come in underachievement to raise attainment. (excellentandenjoymentlearning pg23). Strategically choosing students to work in groups, peer assessment where they can see others work which could help them shape their own work and attain a better grade. However, teachers need to hand over students with a stress free learning environment so the y can feel included .(EVIDENCE OF WHY THEY contain STRESS FREE ENVIRON,ENT) The revised National Curriculum includes a statutory inclusion statement setting out how teachers can ensure the curriculum is accessible to all pupils which would certainly help raise attainment for also ethnic minority students . It states that teachers must follow three principles for inclusion setting suitable learning challenges responding to pupils diverse learning needs and overcoming potential barriers to learning and assessment for individuals and groups of pupils.(cabinet office pg14). NALDIC (National Association for Language learning in the Curriculum), states that we should therefore ensure access to and progress through the curriculum or subject content. (using ict for eal pg5) Also very few schools review their curricular and pastoral strategies to ensure that they are sensitive to the ethnic groups in the student population and the wider community. In those instances where schools have done this as a result of concerns about a particular minority ethnic group, positive outcomes have resulted.(Raising_the_attainment_of_minority_ethnic_pupils_school_and_LEA_responsespg7) Schools working effectively with pupils in low attaining groups were not found to adopt specific approaches for particular groups of pupils such as minority ethnic groups, but kind of personalised the curriculum, educational activity and assessment such that pupils in any(prenominal) group could benefit. (Effective Teaching and Learning for Pupils in mortified Attaining Group). Self- assessment and appropriate locate setting according to individual learning styles would help them to build identities as successful learners.The new Teachers Standards (DfE, 2011) would enable this strategy to work perfectly as teachers have to set teaching to respond to the strengths and needs of all pupilsevaluate distinctive teaching approaches to engage and support them. (Standard 5 The QTS Standards DFES Qualifyi ng to Teach(2002) In additional, as they are much more likely than their peers of a higher socioeconomic environment to have a poor attendance, leave school earlier and with fewer qualifications, and are at far greater risk of being excluded from school. http//education-landscapes. eu/pdf/learning_barriers. pdf . Teachers recognise strengths and improvements praising their effort would encourage children participation. Using positive words (Ive seen a spark in you) and encourage this group would give them feel motivated, believe in themselves and appreciated to want to attend school (promoting attendance) regardless of any socio-economic worries. care parents level(p)ings and other less formal school functions can help understand difficulties and help to remove any barriers http//education-landscapes.eu/pdf/learning_barriers. pdf. This could help build parent teacher relationship and both parties could devise ways to help raise the achievement and eliminate barriers affecting this young persons learning. ? Respect frustration and encourage a positive approach to setbacks. http//education-landscapes. eu/pdf/learning_barriers. pdf. English as an Additional Language (EAL) barrier on Ethnic Minority EAL learners will be affected by attitudes towards them, their culture, language, religion, and ethnicity http//www.mkweb. co. uk/emass/documents/Website_EAL_Artwork. pdf.The proportions of pupils with English as an additional language are from ethic minority background groups about five per cent (Black Caribbean pupils) to over 90 per cent (those from Bangladeshi backgrounds). Approximately 9. 3% (over 632,000) of all pupils in schools in England are recorded as having English as an additional language (EAL) according to Statistics of Education 2002(aiminghighraisingachievent pg28).These speech patterns are argued to be consistent with some(prenominal) low income families which are inadequate to meet the demands of the education system. These patterns directly cont ribute to educational failure as students cannot always understand elaborated speech which teachers use and teachers often misunderstand students who use the restricted speech. As a result there is a breakdown in communication between teachers and pupils. http//www. historylearningsite. co. uk/ethnic_minorities_education. htm.This is a major barrier to achievement as English is not their first language and cannot communicate effectively in lesson, with peers and content of the curriculum it is helpful for the to access prior experience so they have a fair understanding before the next lesson Language learners need access to the subject curriculum while they are learning English. EAL students learning is NOT a learning difficulty, learners should not be placed in groups or sets for slow learnersthey need good peer models of subject specific talk and writing.Teacher expectations are powerful determiners of student success. Teachers should reflect high expectations in the ambitious ta rgets set for these children. Bilingual learners need to sack up more progress each year than their peers in order to captivate up (Collier, 1995) their efforts need to be acknowledged and appreciated, to build their self-image and self-esteem as successful learners. (Making the Difference Teaching and learning strategies in multi-ethnic schools) Solution/Approaches(Bourne, 1998 and others) Reforming the mainstream to be more language aware is not only good for bilingual learners, but benefits ALL students (Making the Difference Teaching and learning strategies in multi-ethnic schools). Education authorities have recognised the fact that student with EAL will struggle to reach their potential and has incorporate into the new Teachers Standards, saying that all teachers and trainee teachers will benefit from an understanding and recognition of EAL as a significant field of teaching and learning. (http//www. naldic. org. uk/eal-teaching-and-learning/outline-guidance/pedagogy.)It is important to recognise that children learning EAL are as able as any other children, and the learning experiences be after for them should be no less cognitively challenging High challenge can be unplowed up(p) through the provision of contextual and linguistic support and raise attainment. (ExcellenceandEnjoymentlearningandteachingintheprimaryyears,CreatingalearningcultureClassroomcommunity,collaborativeandpersonalisedlearning(DfES 0522-2004 G) However, Schools and colleges will need therefore to provide both physical and virtual learning environments that motivate and support the EAL learners distinctive needs.Raising achievement of ethnic minorities students with low attainment and EAL by developing appropriate resources across the curriculum make effective use of displays boards to support their learning and develop their knowledge of the linguistic, cultural backgrounds. (excellentandenjoymentlearning pg32) It is a legal exigency for literacy to be included into lesson liter acy is fundamental to good learning and achievement.It must therefore be a top priority for teachers consider how subject specific vocabulary like writing out keywords on white board, spelling and pronouncing words correctly which would help improve their English language grammar should be introduced, modelled, extended and supported through the teaching of subject content to enhance literacy (ExcellenceandEnjoymentlearningandteachingforbilingualchildrenintheprimaryyears). Organise small groups for computer-based activities that enable early defend learners to work with other first language speakers and to hear good models of English.Establishing layered curriculum targets as a context for language development. Speaking and listening guided sessions for language development. (Effective Teaching and Learning for Pupils in Low Attaining Group). Using ICT to raise achievement of Ethnic Minority pupils with EAL. ICT has a vital role to play in providing the appropriate resources and t echnology for both learners and teachers. Using ICT to support EAL students presents challenges for many teachers of how best to make use of these new and emerging technologies to raise the achievement of their EAL students.(Using ICT to support students who have English as an additional language) Using productive use of ICT in the classroom can promote inclusion and reflect cultural and linguistic diversity. multimedia system Projects provide excellent opportunities for learners to work collaboratively with other first language speakers. Email, local network links, user groups and word picture conferencing facilities provide opportunity for learners to communicate with proficient speakers of English and also of their first language across the world.Pupils learning EAL require opportunities to draw on additional contextual support to make sense of new instruction and language. Content learning for pupils learning EAL can be greatly improved through the use of ocular support. Th is can help learners to conceptualise learning tasks that are being presented to them, or in which they are engaged, even when their knowledge of the target language is limited. http//www. naldic. org. uk/eal-teaching-and-learning/outline-guidance/pedagogy OCD/Migraine/ Metal plate in head imputable to past injury.If *** bumps her head call carer immediately/ unhappy to come SRS/difficult to make friends/suffered bullying/kept away from other students at break times in primary school/attention searcher beetle/ mother died due to violently attacked by father (sees father in prison) / CAMHS/ care placement/ Literacy/ maths/low self esteem/limited support from home/ IEP/PEP Pedagogy approach to EAL EAL pedagogy is the set of systematic teaching approaches which have evolved from classroom based practices in conjunction with the development of knowledge through theoretical and research perspectives.These approaches meet the language and learning needs of pupils for whom English is an a dditional language. They can be used in a wide range of different teaching contexts. http//www. naldic. org. uk/eal-teaching-and-learning/outline-guidance/pedagogy shot out limited number of objectives criteria describe what the outcomes will look like when they are achieved and actions linked to the target objectives to identify what has to be achieved by the end of lesson is said to raise success of learners whose second language is English (excellentandenjoymentlearning pg23).Personalisation is the key to tackling the persistent achievement gaps between different social and ethnic groups. It means a bespoken education for every child and young person, that gives them strength in the basics, stretches their aspirations and builds their life chances. Higher standards, better schools for all (HMSO 2006)(from-excellentandenjoymentlearning pg14) The development of EAL pedagogy has been influenced by social constructivist theories which emphasise the importance of scaffolding learnin g, and those which highlight the importance of socio-cultural and worked up factors.Children learning EAL will be affected by attitudes towards them, their culture, language, religion and ethnicity. (excellentandenjoymentlearning pg14) Learning of English should be wonderful into communicative skills and cognitive and academic language proficiency. Children should be paired up in group so they can become conversationally fluent in the new language by communication and collaborating with others and to catch up with monolingual peers in the development of cognitive and academic language.Activating pupils prior knowledge purpose out what pupils know about a topic through inquisitive, supporting self-monitoring and using KWL (Know, Want to find out, Learned) charts, brainstorming in small groups or pairs, discovery tasks, enabling use of first language. http//www. naldic. org. uk/eal-teaching-and-learning/outline-guidance/pedagogy.Peer and share, questioning strategies using oral fee dback is also important to move learners towards the forms of language used in writing (cognitive) and linguistic development. Children learning an additional language are not just learning vocabularies, grammars and pronunciations it helps them to learn all other language functions such as questioning, analysing, hypothesising that they need for other subjects like mathematics, science, ICT and so on. Planning lesson for a class that has EAL student.